Showing posts with label Administrative Law. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Administrative Law. Show all posts

Fifth Circuit: Kevin Santos-Alvarado v. William Barr, U. S. Atty


Petitioner's explanations of inconsistencies in testimony are reasonable, but they do not compel a finding that the Immigration judge's finding of adverse credibility was one that no reasonable jurist would make.

IJ's bar on telephonic testimony didn't violate due process, as the testimony wouldn't have been dispositive, and the IJ reviewed the witness' written statement.


Sixth Circuit: Andrei Skripkov v. William P. Barr


Unreasoned immigration decision in a mixed-motive case gets no deference; the context and substance of the prosecution of the petitioner make clear that it is related to the protected conduct.  The relevant question is not the persecutor's politics, but the politics that the petitioner was thought to have had.

Withholding of removal claims do not require petitioner to establish case around "one central reason."


Second Circuit: UnitedHealthcare of New York, v. Lacewell


As the scheme of regulation at issue had many remedies to ensure state compliance, federal courts had jurisdiction to equitably enjoin the prospective enforcement of state agency determinations; the court therefore had subject matter jurisdiction over the claim.

As evinced by the direct and positive effect on the federal regulatory scheme, state risk allocation determinations are subject to conflict preemption by the federal statute; informal consultations with the agency were not sufficiently final to signal agency approval, and the agency's appellate-stage amicus asserting preemption is accorded Auer deference.


Sixth Circuit: Eric Dotson v. Gregory Kizziah


Where the Federal court sentence is silent as to whether it is concurrent or consecutive with state imprisonment terms imposed in the future, the Bureau of Prisons placement in a state or federal facility controls whether the Federal sentence is consecutive or concurrent with those future terms.

DC Circuit: Grace v. William Barr


District court had sufficient statutory jurisdiction to review policy document addressing substantive law invoked by the procedural law subject to judicial review; challenge in individual cases would prove impractical.

Policy change announced in agency adjudication not insulated from review by the bar on review of individual cases; separate jurisdiction strip statute evaded in this case, as the policy affects both the matter covered by the jurisdiction strip and other matters.

Administrative standard adopted under Chevron logic is arbitrary and capricious, as it is inherently bifurcated, and could result in different outcomes in identical situations based on which standard was used.

New choice of law policy arbitrary and capricious, not sufficiently distinguished as a change from prior practice, and the justifications advanced are not in the rulemaking itself.

Policy guidance appropriately states the rule on circularity of harm developed in agency adjudications.

Language in guidance document suggesting prospective application appropriately qualified by statements of generality, and therefore not a new rule.

Jurisdiction strip referred to the operation of the statute, not rulemaking found to be inconsistent with the statute.  (Perhaps.  This is quick work.  Don't ever rely.)

Dissent:

Jurisdiction strip statutes apply, allowing review of law and application of law to fact would undercut the purposes of the bars to review.  


Federal Circuit: Maybourn Group, LTD v. ITC


Sufficient standing to challenge agency determination where company continues to import goods possibly subject to exclusion order and has lost actual sales sue to the uncertainty over their legal status.

Discovery of prior art that would negate the patent that serves as the basis for the exclusion order is not sufficient basis for a petition against the exclusion order, as the agency's statutory powers of patent adjudication are limited to claims made by parties in formal enforcement actions.



Seventh Circuit: Adam Delgado v. U.S. Department of Justice


ALJ inappropriately reopened matters resolved by Article III law of the case.

Fifth Circuit: Houston Aquarium, Incorporated v. OSHC, et al



ALJ correctly accepted analysis on matters other than the ultimate issue from lay witness, as lay witnesses can draw conclusions based on their experience; deft's witnesses appropriately considered lay witnesses, as there was no foundation laid.

Feeding and cleaning dives at an aquarium are scientific, not commercial, given plain meaning and the notes to the regulation, since they gather data and don't involve heavy tools.  Also the protections for commercial divers seem unnecessary in this context.

Second Circuit: Jack v. Barr



Conviction under state statute encompassing loaded antique firearms is not a categorical predicate for Immigration removal under federal statutory definition adopted by the agency, as that definition excludes antique firearms.

Considering the question de novo, agency erred in requiring petitioner to establish a reasonable probability that the state would prosecute conduct outside the federal and agency standard, as there is no ambiguity in the statute.

Federal Circuit: Prosperity TIEH Enterprise v. US


When agency adjudication merges two business entities for the purpose of assessing antidumping violations, consideration of the totality requires that subsequent merger of a third company must assess the relationships of each company severally.

Sufficient substantial evidence for agency adjudication finding of product misrepresentation, as common meaning implicates the universal criteria.





Federal Circuit: Sellers v. Wilkie


To meet statutory requirements, a veteran's claim for relief must at a minimum identify within a high level of generality the sickness disease or injury for which relief is sought; the Secretary's duty to clarify the claim does not arise if this requirement is not met.







DC Circuit: State of New York v. EPA


Agency denial of state petition was arbitrary and capricious, as it didn't state which of four criteria had not been met, or how many of the four criteria must be met to substantiate the petition.  Past judicial approval of plan did not insulate it from suit, as it indicated that it was a first step.

Agency plan insufficient, as it relies on a compliance cutoff date after a date previously set by another statute; agency must permit claims that implicate a multi-state area.

Concur: Although claim waived by agency, state's petition impermissibly seeks to regulate single sources as opposed to regulations addressing individual states.





Ninth Circuit: Sky-Med, Inc. v. FAA


Agency adjudication did not have jurisdiction, since the two notices of violation were consolidated into a single civil claim in excess of the statutory maximum.  The Federal courts have exclusive jurisdiction over claims with an amount in conttroversy in excess of the statutory maximum during the actual pendency of the civil proceeding.



DC Circuit: Blogger: ANR Storage Company v. FERC

Where two companies appear to have virtually identical shares in their relevant markets, it is an abuse of discretion for an agency to allow only one of the two to charge market rates without stating a reasonable justification for the distinction.

https://www.cadc.uscourts.gov/internet/opinions.nsf/9E0C54378AB5C5A18525830F004E9C61/$file/16-1285-1751902.pdf

Eleventh Circuit: USA v. Jason Alexander Phifer

When a deft faces criminal or civil penalties, deference to an agency's interpretations of its own regulations is inapposite, as an agency has an obligation to clearly state the rule.

http://media.ca11.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/files/201710397.pdf


Ninth Circuit: Tin Cup LLC v. Corps of Engineers

Where a statutory directive occurs within an appropriations bill, the presumption is that it binds only for the period of the appropriation; this can be overcome by sufficient indications of futurity such as "hereafter."  Language in the imperative such as "will" and "shall" is insufficient.

Concur in J: In addition to the command in the imperative, the directive had a closing point, which meant that it wouldn't automatically sunset.





Second Circuit: Cappetta v. Comm’r of Soc. Sec. Admin.

Deference to agency determination that reporting work activity is material; although the consideration is not dispositive of a benefits fraud claim, it does speak to some elements of the determination.

Agency retained the power to reverse the ALJ's finding.

Although the law only penalizes omissions, agency could charge benefits recipient with non-reporting on a monthly basis, since the statute also bars withholding required disclosures.

etc, etc...

http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/e79595db-c3ea-48e1-95ea-ab87f17d70cb/3/doc/16-3540_opn.pdf#xml=http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/e79595db-c3ea-48e1-95ea-ab87f17d70cb/3/hilite/


Third Circuit: Michael Rinaldi v. USA

For purposes of the review of exhaustion of remedies, prison administrative remedies are considered unavailable where administrators dissuade the inmate using serious threats of retaliation and bodily harm.

To establish unavailaibility, the inmate must show that the remedy was objectively out of reach to the average inmate and that he or she was actually deterred from using it.

Where a prison modifies procedure and the highest authority formally denies on the merits, the administrative remedy has been exhausted.

Housing and cellmate assignments are left to the discretionary judgment of the administrators, which bars a tort claim against the government under the FTCA exception to sovereign immunity.

http://www2.ca3.uscourts.gov/opinarch/161080p.pdf

Fifth Circuit: Consumer Financial Protection v. Source for Public Data

Agency administrative subpoena that does not identify the activity under investigation or the relevant provision of law does not allow for judicial review of the reasonableness of the request, making it statutorily infirm.

http://www.ca5.uscourts.gov/opinions/pub/17/17-10732-CV0.pdf

First Circuit: Rivera v. Sessions

Procedural error in immigration administrative appeal seeking discretionary relief cannot present a cognizable constitutional question for purposes of Article III review, as there is no cognizable, constitutionally guaranteed liberty interest.

http://media.ca1.uscourts.gov/pdf.opinions/18-1243P-01A.pdf