Since 2011. An occasional commonplacing of the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal.
Not written by a barrister. The name was thought up by a second-year American law student sitting in a coffeehouse in Manhattan. Neither an authoritative statement of the law nor legal advice. Don't rely. Quick work.
Fourth Circuit: US v. Dearnta Thomas
The federal racketeering violence statute is a crime in itself, and satisfies the requirements for a crime of violence without looking through the statute to the underlying state-law predicates of the conviction.