Federal court cannot revisit state court foreclosure ruling holding that a facially problematic lien in fact attached, since vindicating the lien isn't barred by the shield of bankruptcy discharge; the discharge only protects from claims against the person. Further, Rooker-Feldman prohibits lower federal courts from hearing a state-adjudicated claim even where there is explicit statutory jurisdiction.
As state law holds that a mortgage is valid even absent perfection, a claim that the lien was perfected in violation of the stay can provide grounds for subsequent avoidance, since a federal court's determination that the interest wasn't perfected does not contradict the state court's holding that the mortgage was valid.
Statutorily, the second trustee acquired the necessary powers; equitably, the debtor's ex post acquisition of the derivative powers of the second trustee was an appropriate flexible remedy.
Amicus had another idea, but the parties didn't raise it, so it wasn't considered.
http://www.opn.ca6.uscourts.gov/opinions.pdf/18a0145p-06.pdf
Since 2011. An occasional commonplacing of the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal.
Neither an authoritative statement of the law nor legal advice. Quick work.