So long as the questions are not misleading or abusive, the Act permits a spoken inquiry as to the reason for disputing a debt.
Given the specificity of the first claim in the trial management phase, court did not abuse discretion for imposing procedural sanctions when it proved false.
No abuse of discretion in, prior to imposing sanction, not allowing amendment of filing that violated confidentiality order.
Sanctions for vexatious litigation did not abuse discretion; ordering payment of opponent's fees for motion that was only partially granted was within the court's discretion.
Sanctions under the Act and the court's inherent authority were appropriate.
http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/2ecf3400-1de9-443e-a981-66684e3b642f/1/doc/16-2363_opn.pdf#xml=http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/2ecf3400-1de9-443e-a981-66684e3b642f/1/hilite/
Since 2011. An occasional commonplacing of the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal.
Neither an authoritative statement of the law nor legal advice. Quick work.