Since 2011. An occasional commonplacing of the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal.
Not written by a barrister. The name was thought up by a second-year American law student sitting in a coffeehouse in Manhattan. Neither an authoritative statement of the law nor legal advice. Don't rely. Quick work.
Eighth Circuit: United States v. Jeffrey Joseph Pendleton
Given circuit precedent, state Assault statute prohibiting causing the fear of illness or injury is a valid predicate violent crime.