Second Circuit: Villanueva v. United States of America

Given Supreme Court precedent relating to another statute, a state Assault statute is a valid violent crime predicate under modified categorical review.

Dissent: All the courts are doing it, but that doesn't make it right.  Scotus specifically said it doesn't apply in this context; where the statute applies to non-forceful harm such as poison, it's an offensive touching, not a use of force.

http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/37d309e7-2938-46a7-887d-c286c9866ef7/3/doc/16-2528_complete_opn.pdf#xml=http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/decisions/isysquery/37d309e7-2938-46a7-887d-c286c9866ef7/3/hilite/