Since 2011. An occasional commonplacing of the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal.
Neither an authoritative statement of the law nor legal advice. Quick work.
Eighth Circuit: Jonathan Truong v. Ahmad Hassan
S1983
To state a substantive due process claim against a bus driver for trying to remove an unruly passenger from the outside of the bus, the plaintiff must show that the driver intended to harm the unruly passenger.