Since 2011. An occasional commonplacing of the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal.
Not written by a barrister. The name was thought up by a second-year American law student sitting in a coffeehouse in Manhattan. Neither an authoritative statement of the law nor legal advice. Don't rely. Quick work.
First Circuit: US v. Carrasquillo-Penaloza
Plea Deals
As Commerce Clause challenge to the statute does not present a jurisdictional issue, a plea agreement with a specific and written waiver of appeals bars the challenge on direct appeal.