Elections, Puerto Rico, Statutory Construction
Congress did not intend that Puerto Rico be considered a "state" under voting law.
Dis-inclusion of Puerto Rico does not burden the voting right, and the principle survives rational basis.
Puerto Rico is considered a state under a second statute barring removal from voter rolls until after two missed elections.
Second statute creates a private right presumptively actionable under S1983.
http://media.ca1.uscourts.gov/pdf.opinions/15-1356P-01A.pdf
Since 2011. An occasional commonplacing of the U.S. Circuit Courts of Appeal.
Neither an authoritative statement of the law nor legal advice. Quick work.